Meenakshi Amman Temple, also known as Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman Thirukkovil, is a historic Hindu temple situated on the southern bank of the Vaigai River in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Dedicated to Goddess Meenakshi Amman, a form of Parvati, and her consort, Sundareshwarar, a form of Shiva, it is central to the ancient temple city of Madurai, referenced in Tamil Sangam literature. The temple is one of the Paadal Petra Sthalams, revered in verses by the Tamil Saiva Nayanars.
Constructed by Pandyan Emperor Sadayavarman Kulasekaran I during the 12th century, the temple features the three-storeyed gopuram at the entrance of the Sundareswarar Shrine and the central portion of the Goddess Meenakshi Shrine. The emperor is credited with composing a poem named Ambikai Malai, honoring Meenakshi. Successive rulers, such as Maravarman Sundara Pandyan I and II, contributed to the temple's architecture, adding gopurams and mandapams while preserving its cultural heritage.
Despite its historical roots, much of the current structure was rebuilt following the 14th century, especially after the temple faced plunder and destruction by the Delhi Sultanate's forces. The temple was later restored and expanded by rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire and the Nayak dynasty. Today, it features 14 gopurams, including the tallest at 51.9 meters, and several sculpted pillared halls, showcasing intricate artistry that reflects the region's rich heritage.
A major pilgrimage destination for the Shaivism tradition, the temple is home to numerous deities, including Vishnu, and serves as a vital cultural and religious center. The annual Meenakshi Tirukalyanam festival draws over a million pilgrims, celebrated with grandeur, including a ratha procession. Recognized as the best 'Swachh Iconic Place' in India in 2017, the temple continues to be a significant landmark, attracting tens of thousands of visitors daily.